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The carbon footprint of home energy: solar, LED, and heat pumps

Chart showing estimated annual CO₂e savings by home energy action: LED lighting 0.2 tons, renewable tariff 3.9 tons, solar PV 3.9 tons, heat pump 1–3 tons. Source: eGRID 2023, US DOE.

Home energy — electricity and heating — accounts for approximately 20% of US household greenhouse gas emissions, according to the EPA’s 2023 Inventory. For the average American household consuming 10,500 kWh of electricity per year and heating with natural gas, estimated home energy emissions run at 4–7 tons CO₂e annually depending on location, home size, […]